Machine learning empowered coherent Raman imaging and analysis for biomedical applications.

In situ and in vivo visualization and analysis of functional, endogenous biomolecules in living systems have generated a pivotal impact in our comprehension of biology and medicine. An increasingly adopted approach involves the utilization of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, which delivers notable advantages such as label-free imaging, high spectral density, high sensitivity, and molecule specificity. Nonetheless, analyzing and processing the intricate, multi-dimensional imaging data to extract interpretable and actionable information poses a fundamental obstacle. In contrast to conventional multivariate methods, machine learning has recently gained considerable attention for its capability of discerning essential features from massive datasets. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in the application of machine learning in the molecular spectroscopic imaging fields. We also discuss notable attributes of spectroscopic imaging modalities and explore their broader impact on other imaging techniques.