Phytochemical study on the leaves of Derris trifoliata led to the isolation of five rotenoids (3-7) and 10 flavonoid derivatives (1, 2, 8-15). Three of them, (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)chroman-4-one (1), keampferol 3-O-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(1 → 2)-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and (+)-13-homo-13-oxa-6a,12a-dehydrorotenone (3) were verified by Scifinder as previously undescribed compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated by using infrared (IR), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR methods. Compounds 1-15 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against SK-LU-1 and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 4, 8, 14, and 15 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against SK-LU-1 cells with IC values ranging from 8.52 to 28.89 µM and against HepG2 cells with IC values ranging from 7.11 to 34.85 µM.
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