The clinical effects and mechanism of action of ranibizumab in treating myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: Myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common reason for visual impairment. This study investigated the clinical effects of repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab among patients with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia.

Methods: This study involved a single-center, non-randomized clinical prospective cohort research design including 39 patients with myopic CNV and a control group of 10 patients with cataract. Plasma and aqueous humor samples were analyzed to compare cytokine concentrations between the two groups and assess changes after intravitreal ranibizumab injections. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were also monitored.

Results: BCVA values and CMT varied significantly after intravitreal ranibizumab injections. The study group had significantly higher plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and significantly lower epidermal growth factor (EGF) and angiopoietin-2 concentrations than the control group. Likewise, in the aqueous humor, the study group had significantly higher concentrations of fibroblast growth factor and significantly lower concentrations of EGF and VEGF-A than the control group. The average VEGF-A content decreased significantly after 1 and 2 months relative to the baseline. Mean VEGF-D and endoglin contents at two months were significantly reduced compared to the baseline and at 1 month. The average EGF contents were significantly higher at 2 months than the baseline.

Conclusion: Ranibizumab could increase the BCVA and lower the CMT and cytokines involved in angiogenesis. This study contributes to further understanding the pathogenesis of myopic CNV and promoting new drug research and development for patients with this condition.