The high-efficiency ball milling treatment technology primarily combines the excitation of oxidation processes with high-speed physical collisions, thereby promoting the reaction processes and enhancing the degradation effectiveness of materials. This technology has gained widespread attention in recent years for its application in the degradation of organic solid chemical pollutants. In this study, quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) was employed to first analyze the impact of electron addition and subtraction on molecular chemical bonds. The molecular energies of the target pollutants and their possible intermediates were then calculated, and the theoretical energies required for the degradation pathways of the target organic compounds under oxidative-enhanced ball milling were computed. This further validated the accuracy of the ball milling experimental results. The theoretical energy required for the complete mineralization of solid organic chemicals through ball milling degradation was calculated, with values of 16,730.74 kJ/mol for lindane, 20,162.46 kJ/mol for tetrabromobisphenol A, 10,628.04 kJ/mol for sulfamethoxazole, and 4867.99 kJ/mol for trimethoprim. By combining different ball milling experimental conditions, the theoretical reaction time required for the complete mineralization of the target organic chemicals can be calculated. The comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental results provides new insights into the ball milling degradation process and degradation pathways of the target pollutants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010023 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
The magnetic material Nd2Fe14B is one of the strongest magnetic materials found in nature. The demand for the production of these nanoparticles is significantly high due to their exceptional properties. The aim of the present study is to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles of Nd2Fe14B using ethanol in the wet ball milling technique (WBMT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
A comprehensive review of recent research on niosomes was conducted using a mixed methodology, including searches in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS). Articles were selected based on relevance. The current review examines the historical development of niosomes focusing on the methods of preparations and the contemporary strategies and prospective advancements within the realm of drug delivery systems, highlighting innovative approaches across transdermal, oral, and cellular delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
Manganese-based alloys with the composition MnFeZ (Z = Si, Al) have been extensively investigated in recent years due to their potential applications in spintronics. The MnFeSi alloy, prepared in the form of ingots, powders, or ribbons, exhibits either a cubic full-Heusler (2) structure, an inverse-Heusler (XA) structure, or a combination of both. In contrast, the MnFeAl alloy has so far been synthesized only in the form of ingots, featuring a primitive cubic (β-Mn type) structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Apigenin (APG), a bioactive flavonoid with promising therapeutic potential, suffers from poor water solubility, which limits its bioavailability. To address this, solid dispersions of APG were prepared using ball milling with sodium alginate (SA), Pluronic F-68 (PLU68), Pluronic F-127 (PLU127), PVP K30, and PVP VA64 as polymeric excipients. These dispersions were screened for apparent solubility in water and buffers with pH 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
January 2025
College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
To investigate the impact of tea polyphenols on the thermodynamic properties, gelatinization properties, rheological properties, and digestion characteristics of starch after ball milling, canna starch and tea polyphenols were mixed at a 10:1 ratio (/) in an experiment and processed with different ball milling times. After ball milling for 3 h, the tea polyphenols and starch fragments formed complexes. Compared with the unmilled mixture, the solubility increased by 199.
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