Microemulsions have been commonly used with various permeation enhancers to improve permeability through the skin. The purpose of this study was to compare the release and permeation ability of two commonly used permeation enhancers-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) and oleyl alcohol-by the changes in oil composition, the addition of a gelling agent, and water content using ibuprofen as a model drug. Four microemulsions were formulated, selection was based on ternary phase diagrams, and physicochemical properties were evaluated. The release and permeation of the microemulsion formulations were performed in vitro by Franz cell studies on a regenerated cellulose membrane and a Strat-M membrane, respectively, and the amount of ibuprofen permeated and released was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All four microemulsions were compatible with the skin pH, and the average pH ranged from 4.9 to 5.6. The average droplet size of the microemulsions ranged from 119.8 to 153.3 nm. Drug release was significantly the highest from the gel-based microemulsions (59% and 64%, < 0.05). However, there was a fourfold difference in drug permeation from these gels-a significantly higher permeation from the microemulsion-gel containing oleic acid and oleyl alcohol compared to the DGME formulation. These results indicated that the microemulsion-gel with oleyl alcohol as the permeation enhancer could be a preferable formulation approach for the topical administration of ibuprofen. These results highlight the need for optimization of the microemulsion formulation to confirm the permeation-enhancing effects of chosen permeation enhancers despite being a well-known permeation enhancer.
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Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
January 2025
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
Bacteriophage infections in bacterial cultures pose a significant challenge to industrial bioprocesses, necessitating the development of innovative antiphage solutions. This study explores the antiphage potential of indigo carmine (IC), a common FDA-approved food additive. IC demonstrated selective inactivation of DNA phages (P001, T4, T1, T7, λ) with the EC values ranging from 0.
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December 2024
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane 283-8555, Chiba, Japan.
: Laurocapram (Azone) attracted attention 40 years ago as a compound with the highest skin-penetration-enhancing effect at that time; however, its development was shelved due to strong skin irritation. We had already prepared and tested an ante-enhancer (IL-Azone), an ionic liquid (IL) with a similar structure to Azone, consisting of ε-caprolactam and myristic acid, as an enhancer candidate that maintains the high skin-penetration-enhancing effect of Azone with low skin irritation. In the present study, fatty acids with different carbon numbers (caprylic acid: C8, capric acid: C10, lauric acid: C12, myristic acid: C14, and oleic acid: C18:1) were selected and used with ε-caprolactam to prepare various IL-Azones in the search for a more effective IL-Azone.
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December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
Spironolactone (SP), an aldosterone inhibitor widely used to treat androgen-dependent disorders such as acne, hirsutism, and alopecia, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in both oral and topical formulations. However, SP's low solubility and poor bioavailability in conventional formulations have driven the development of novel nanocarriers to enhance its efficacy. This review systematically examines recent advancements in SP-loaded nanocarriers, including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), vesicular nanoparticles (VNPs), polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), and nanofibers (NFs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
December 2024
Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
January 2025
College of Road and Bridge, Zhejiang Institute of Communications, Hanghzou 311112, China.
Polyurethane (PU) grouting materials are widely used in underground engineering rehabilitation, particularly in reinforcement and waterproofing engineering in deep-water environments. The long-term effect of complex underground environments can lead to nanochannel formation within PU, weakening its repair remediation effect. However, the permeation behavior and microscopic mechanisms of water molecules within PU nanochannels remain unclear.
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