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Phosphorylation of PA at serine 225 enhances viral fitness of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice.
Vet Microbiol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Currently, there is increasing spillover of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) to mammals, raising a concern of pandemic threat about this virus. Although the function of PA protein of the influenza virus is well understood, the understanding of how phosphorylation regulates this protein and influenza viral life cycle is still limited. We previously identified PA S225 as the phosphorylation site in the highly pathogenic H5N1 AIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHA198 mutations in H9N2 avian influenza: molecular dynamics insights into receptor binding.
Front Vet Sci
January 2025
Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Introduction: The H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely disseminated in poultry and poses a zoonotic threat, despite vaccination efforts. Mutations at residue 198 of hemagglutinin (HA) are critical for antigenic variation and receptor-binding specificity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms by which mutations at the HA 198 site affect the antigenicity, receptor specificity, and binding affinity of the H9N2 virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPB2 and PA mutations contribute to the pathogenicity of mouse-adapted pdmH1N1-Venus reporter influenza A virus in a mammalian model.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
Influenza A viruses have been a threat to human health for the past 100 years. Understanding the dynamics and pathogenicity of the influenza viruses is of great value in controlling the influenza pandemic. Fluorescent protein-carrying recombinant influenza virus is a substantially useful tool for studying viral characteristics and high-throughput screening .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeographical distribution and evolutionary dynamics of H4Nx avian influenza viruses.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
H4Nx avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been isolated from wild birds and poultry and can also cross the species barrier to infect mammals (pigs and muskrats). The widespread presence of these viruses in wild birds and poultry and their ability to be transmitted interspecies make them an undeniable hazard to the poultry farming industry. In the present study, we collected fecal and swab samples from wild birds and poultry in Guangdong Province from January 2019 to March 2024, and various subtypes of AIVs were isolated, including 19 strains of H4 subtype AIVs.
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