Objective: To identify the sonomorphological appearance and to measure the thickness of the piriformis muscle (PM) and the proximal portion of the sacral nerve roots S1-S3 in healthy premenopausal women.
Materials And Methods: This prospective multicentric observational study included a consecutive series of women undergoing transvaginal sonography (TVS) at two tertiary gynecological referral centers. Standardized assessment of the pelvic organs was performed followed by an attempt to visualize the right and left PM and sacral nerve roots S1-S3 at their origin in proximity to the sacral neuroforamen. Visualization rates, diameters of the muscle and nerve thickness and the time needed to identify the PM were recorded.
Results: 305 patients were included in the study. In 293 women (96.1%) PM was identified bilaterally. The median diameter of the right PM was 18.3mm and 18.4mm on the left side. S1 nerve roots were succesfully identified bilaterally in 224 (73.4%) patients. Their right and left median diameters were 4.8mm. Both S2 nerves were succesfully identified in 215 (70.5%) patients. Their median diameter were 4.3mm on both sides. S3 nerve roots were succesfully identified in 203 (66.6%) patients. Their median diameter were 3.2mm on both sides.
Conclusion: We describe methods which allow consistent and rapid identification of the PM and the S1-S3 sacral nerve roots using TVS. Visualization of the PM and the proximal portion of the sacral plexus may be useful regarding identification of pathological changes in PM thickness and could help to distinguish perineural cysts from other gynecological pathologies. Ziel: Die Beschreibung der sonomorphologischen Merkmale als auch die standardisierte Messung des Durchmessers des Musculus piriformis (PM) und der proximalen Anteile der Sakralnervenwurzel (SNW) S1-S3 bei prämenopausalen Frauen.
Material Und Methoden: Diese prospektive Beobachtungsstudie umfasste konsekutiv untersuchte Patientinnen an zwei tertiären gynäkologischen Referenzzentren. Nach standardisierter Beurteilung der Beckenorgane wurde versucht beide PM, deren Durchmesser und die proximalen Anteile der SNW S1-S3 an ihrem Ursprung in der Nähe des Sakralneuroforamens transvaginalsonografisch (TVS) darzustellen. Ergebnisse: Von 305 wurden bei 293 (96,1%) Patientinnen der PM beidseitig detektiert. Der mediane Durchmesser des rechten PM betrug 18,3 mm und des linken PM lag bei 18,4 mm. Die S1-Nervenwurzel (NW) wurde beidseitig bei 224/305 (73,4%) Patientinnen erfolgreich identifiziert. Der mediane Durchmesser der S1-NW betrug an beiden Seiten 4,8 mm. Beide S2-NW wurden bei 215/305 (70,5%) Patientinnen erfolgreich identifiziert. Der mediane Durchmesser der S2-NW betrug 4,3 mm an beiden Seiten. Schließlich wurden bei 203/305 (66,6%) Patientinnen S3-NW erfolgreich identifiziert. Der mediane Durchmesser der S3-NW betrug 3,2 mm an beiden Seiten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Identifizierung des PM durch TVS ist allermeist möglich mit obig angegebenen Referenzwerten der PM-Dicke. Die SNW S1-S3 können bei der Mehrheit der Patientinnen mittels TVS an ihrem Ursprung identifiziert werden. Die Visualisierung des PM und des proximalen Anteils des Plexus Sacralis ist bei pathologischen Veränderungen des PM oder der Differentialdiagnose von Adnextumoren und Perineuralzysten von Bedeutung.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2521-9321 | DOI Listing |
Front Surg
January 2025
Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Background: We analyzed trends in age at surgery and surgical approach over time and geography.
Methods: We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA-IPD guidelines to include individual patient data. Collected data included age at surgery, location of surgery, and surgical approach.
Ultraschall Med
January 2025
Department of Gynaecology, Center for Endometriosis, Hospital St. John of God, Vienna, Austria.
Objective: To identify the sonomorphological appearance and to measure the thickness of the piriformis muscle (PM) and the proximal portion of the sacral nerve roots S1-S3 in healthy premenopausal women.
Materials And Methods: This prospective multicentric observational study included a consecutive series of women undergoing transvaginal sonography (TVS) at two tertiary gynecological referral centers. Standardized assessment of the pelvic organs was performed followed by an attempt to visualize the right and left PM and sacral nerve roots S1-S3 at their origin in proximity to the sacral neuroforamen.
Medicine (Baltimore)
January 2025
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Rationale: Cerebellar pontine angle lipomas with trigeminal neuralgia are rare. The treatment choice is influenced by whether the pain is caused by the lipoma or the compression of blood vessels. Herein, we aimed to report a case of the disease and provide a reference for its treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Legal Med
January 2025
London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
The diagnosis of abusive head trauma (AbHT) in children is a challenging one that needs to be differentiated from natural disease and accidental head injury (AcHT). There is increasing evidence from the Neuroradiology field showing spinal cord injury in children subject to AbHT, which has, so far, been poorly investigated pathologically. In this study we retrospectively reviewed the forensic records of 110 paediatric head injury cases over an eight-year-period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Orthopedic Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK.
Background Lumbar radicular pain occurs due to irritation or compression of the nerve roots in the lower back. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in a diverse patient population with lumbar radicular pain. Methodology This quasi-experimental trial was performed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Unit 1, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October 2021 to September 2022.
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