Social play in adults is considered rare in non-human species. A new study has found that play among adult chimpanzees is common and linked to cooperation and social bond maintenance. The societal function of adult social play may thus have deep evolutionary roots.
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Female gorillas form highly stable dominance relationships.
Biol Lett
January 2025
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Animals commonly form dominance relationships that determine the priority of access to resources and influence fitness. Dominance relationships based on age, immigration order or nepotism (alliances with kin) conventions are usually more stable than those based on intrinsic characteristics such as physical strength. Unlike most mammals, female gorillas disperse from their groups, typically more than once in their lifetimes, disrupting their group tenures and/or any alliances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal behavior: Chimpanzee play and the evolutionary roots of cooperation.
Curr Biol
January 2025
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8052 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Social play in adults is considered rare in non-human species. A new study has found that play among adult chimpanzees is common and linked to cooperation and social bond maintenance. The societal function of adult social play may thus have deep evolutionary roots.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe evolution of signaling and monitoring in plant-fungal networks.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom.
Experiments have shown that when one plant is attacked by a pathogen or herbivore, this can lead to other plants connected to the same mycorrhizal network up-regulating their defense mechanisms. It has been hypothesized that this represents signaling, with attacked plants producing a signal to warn other plants of impending harm. We examined the evolutionary plausibility of this and other hypotheses theoretically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFnT4X and nT4M: Novel Time Non-reversible Mixture Amino Acid Substitution Models.
J Mol Evol
January 2025
University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam.
One of the most important and difficult challenges in the research of molecular evolution is modeling the process of amino acid substitutions. Although single-matrix models, such as the LG model, are popular, their capability to properly capture the heterogeneity of the substitution process across sites is still questioned. Several mixture models with multiple matrices have been introduced and shown to offer advantages over single-matrix models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.
Fungal Syst Evol
December 2024
Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .
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