The total content of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in chamomile sample, metals content in water chamomile infusions and water infusions with additions of ascorbic acid and lemon juice at different temperatures (70, 80, and 100 °C) and steeping times (3, 5, and 7 min), were determined. The content of heavy metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Mean total concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were 0.563, 0.624, 0.254, 8.277, 32.17, 113.5, 5.102, 3.470, 30.34 μg/g, respectively. Mn, Ni and Zn were mostly extracted in pure water, up to 100%, while lemon juice showed a significant role in the extraction of Cd, Fe and Pb. Fe was relatively poor extracted in all infusions, the highest Fe extraction percentages were obtained with the addition of lemon juice (4.07-25.7%), at all applied temperatures. For most metals, the lowest extraction percentages were obtained with the addition of ascorbic acid. Non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 for analyzed metals in all infusions, for adults and children.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04526-z | DOI Listing |
Biol Trace Elem Res
January 2025
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The total content of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in chamomile sample, metals content in water chamomile infusions and water infusions with additions of ascorbic acid and lemon juice at different temperatures (70, 80, and 100 °C) and steeping times (3, 5, and 7 min), were determined. The content of heavy metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Mean total concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address:
Nowadays, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are widely used for packaging drinks and food. However, concerns have been raised about the possible migration of harmful chemicals, particularly phthalates, from these containers into their contents. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of sunlight exposure and PET bottle reuse on phthalate migration, focusing on three common phthalates: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
December 2024
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Atizapan de Zaragoza C.P. 52926, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
Currently, there is a rush to develop green polymeric films such as biodegradable chitosan (CH) films to control and prevent plastic pollution from degrading the environment. This study reports a novel and sustainable green approach to the development of CH films using lemon juice (LJ) and lemon peel extract (LPE), the latter to dilute the LJ. The LPE was also utilized for the synthesis of ZnFeO nanoparticles (NPs), adding to this work's novelty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
December 2024
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza C.P. 52926, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
A trend has been established concerning the research and development of various green and biodegradable plastics for multi-purpose applications, aiming to replace petroleum-based plastics. Herein, we report the synthesis of chitosan (CH) films using lemon juice; these were reinforced with NiZnFeO nanoparticles (NiZnFeO NPs) to obtain improved mechanical and barrier properties, facilitating their future application as sustainable, corrosion-resistant coatings for medical instruments. The synthesized NiZnFeO NPs had a crystallite size of ~29 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, University of Rome "Link Campus", 00165 Rome, Italy.
Mandarin, one of the winter fruits commonly used in the preparation of foods and juices, is a fruit native to China and Southeast Asia. In this work, essential oils (EOs) obtained from by-products of the Blanco flavedo of five cultivars present and cultivated within the Botanical Garden of Palermo were chemically and biologically studied: 'Avana' (), 'Tardivo di Ciaculli' (), 'Bombajensis' (), 'Aurantifolia' (), and 'Padre Bernardino' (). The GC and GC-MS analysis performed on all the extracted samples clearly highlighted the notable presence of limonene, a characteristic hydrocarbon monoterpene of EOs of the genus.
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