A Clinical Care Pathway for Patients With Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain Having Restorative Neurostimulation for Multifidus Muscle: Description, Patient Compliance, Clinical Outcomes, and Satisfaction in the First Two Years.

Objectives: Restorative neurostimulation for multifidus muscle is a novel therapy for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Optimal outcomes require interdisciplinary follow-up. We describe a clinical care pathway (CPW) for this therapy and report patient compliance, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction with the CPW.

Materials And Methods: This study aimed to develop, at a single center, a CPW with derivation, practical basis, description, and evolution. Included in the study were audits of 1) patient compliance with attendance over 24 months, 2) medical and paramedical attendance at the clinic, 3) clinical outcomes in terms of reductions in both patient and cohort disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI) and CLBP numeric rating score (NRS), and 4) adverse events; and a prospective cross-sectional survey of patient satisfaction with the CPW.

Results: A CPW that involved both preoperative and postoperative education and integrated interdisciplinary care was developed and incorporated into the clinical service with a dedicated clinic. In the two years under study, 172 patients attended the education session, and 92 proceeded to restorative neurostimulation for multifidus muscle therapy; 15 patients who had this therapy before the CPW also were incorporated into the CPW. Patient compliance with the pathway was 88% (95% CI 79%-94%) at 12 months. Attendance at the dedicated CPW clinic by the various subspeciality clinicians ranged between 74% and 100%. There were serial reductions in both ODI (38.9 [95% CI 35.9-41.9] to 30.0 (95% CI 26.7-33.8) and CLBP NRS (6.3 [95% CI 6.0-6.7] to 3.3 (95% 2.7-3.9) after 12 months; 76 of the 99 patients assessable (77%: 95% CI 67%-85%) had a minimally important clinical difference reduction in either ODI or pain NRS, whereas eight were unassessable. Patient satisfaction with the CPW was very high (mean 26.9; median 27, maximum 28).

Conclusions: The CPW facilitated clinical management and optimized outcomes in patients having restorative neurostimulation. Its design and delivery were very well accepted by patients.