Correlation of lipid profile APO A1 and APO B100 in chronic periodontitis patients leading to coronary artery disease.

Background: Increased attention has been focused on the association of periodontal disease with cardio-metabolic syndrome. Although the associations are multi-factorial, very few studies have explored the role of lipoprotein Apo A1 and Apo B100 with chronic periodontitis. Additionally, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a chronic multi-factorial respiratory disease, consists of a temporary decrease or cessation of breath for ≥ 10 seconds and leads to a reduction in blood oxygen saturation of more than 3% to 4% and/or neurological arousal. OSA involves the upper respiratory tract, and it has been proven that snoring and OSA have systemic consequences in humans. It has been recently suggested that OSA may be related to periodontitis, another chronic multi-factorial disease.

Materials And Methods: A total of 600 participants aged between 30 and 80 years were analyzed. In this case control study, a total of 300 in the case group with chronic periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) and 300 in the control group healthy population with chronic periodontitis were recruited. The following data were collected: 1) general information on socio-demographic, health-related factors, 2) periodontal status [clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket probing depth (PPD)], and 3) a blood sample for estimation of lipoproteins and biochemical analysis.

Results: The results of the current investigation point to a potential relationship between lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation brought on by periodontitis. It was observed that there is a link between periodontal disease and CAD.

Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between the lipid profile APO A1 and APO B100 and the blood vessels involved in the case groups. Hence, cardiovascular diseases can be efficiently circumvent with a biomarker based approach to treatment, which also benefits patient's quality of life.