Clinical applications of nanoprobes of high-resolution imaging.

Currently, the primary imaging methods used in clinical diagnosis are X-ray, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET-CT, etc. The sensitivity and accuracy of these imaging methods bring many difficulties in clinical diagnosis; at the same time, CT, X-ray, PET-CT, etc. can cause radiation to the human body; some invasive operations of the gold standard bring much pain to the patients. Some of these tests are costly and do not allow real-time imaging (IVI). For these reasons, a new field of nanoprobes is gradually being developed in the clinical direction. Nanoprobes are known for their noninvasive, highly sensitive, real-time IVI and can even be expanded to intracellular imaging. This paper introduces the mainstream nanomaterial probes and reviews them regarding imaging means, imaging principles, biosafety, and clinical application effects.