Combating inflammation and oxidative stress: Exploring the cellular effects of Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica extract.

Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica (LCK), known as blue honeysuckle or haskap berry, is rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are linked to various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The research specifically investigates the effects of an LCK extract that has been standardized to contain a minimum of 15% anthocyanins on inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. In vitro studies using A549 human lung epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated the extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. LCK extract significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and reduced the production of IL-8 in A549 cells. It also downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (RELA and PTGS2) while upregulating antioxidant genes (CAT, HMOX1, and SOD2). In PBMCs, LCK extract decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 following LPS stimulation. Additionally, the extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and nitric oxide (NO) production, demonstrating its potential to modulate oxidative stress. Furthermore, in vitro assays indicated that LCK extract could hinder the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the hACE2 receptor, suggesting antiviral potential. These findings suggest that LCK extract exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient or dietary supplement to combat inflammation and oxidative stress.