Today there are two dominant paradigms in Biology: the idea that 'Life is Chemistry' and the idea that 'Life is Chemistry plus Information'. There is also a third paradigm, the idea that 'Life is Chemistry, Information and Meaning' but today this is a minority view, despite the fact that meaning is produced by codes and there is ample experimental evidence that hundreds of codes exist in living systems. This is because that evidence has not yet reached the university books, but what exists in nature is bound to exist, one day, also in our books and at that point the codes will become an integral part of biology. This paper is a brief description of the key concepts of that third paradigm that has become known as Code Biology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105400 | DOI Listing |
Phys Life Rev
January 2025
Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
We argue that "processes versus objects" is not a useful dichotomy. There is, instead, substantial theoretical utility in viewing "objects" and "processes" as complementary ways of describing persistence through time, and hence the possibility of observation and manipulation. This way of thinking highlights the role of memory as an essential resource for observation, and makes it clear that "memory" and "time" are also mutually inter-defined, complementary concepts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal.
The idea supporting the investigation of the current manuscript was to develop customized filters for air conditioners with different pore percentages and geometry with the additional advantage of presenting antibacterial performance. This property was expected due to the reinforcement of Cu nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyurethane (TPU). The filaments were characterized by their chemical composition, thermal and mechanical properties, and antibacterial behavior before and after processing by fused filament fabrication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenes (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
With the development of genome sequencing technologies, the amount of data produced has greatly increased in the last two decades. The abundance of digital sequence information (DSI) has provided research opportunities, improved our understanding of the genome, and led to the discovery of new solutions in industry and medicine. It has also posed certain challenges, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Sci
January 2025
Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Mosè Bianchi 90, 20149, Milan, Italy.
Objective: Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (pGFAP) and plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) levels reflect astrocyte activation and neuronal damage, respectively. Whether these phenomena play a role in migraine is unknown. This study aimed to compare pGFAP and pNfL levels in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and age-matched controls and to analyze their relation with clinical features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColorectal Dis
January 2025
Robin Phillips' Fistula Research Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
Aim: Cryptoglandular anal fistulas carry a substantial burden to quality of life. Surgery is the only effective curative treatment but requires balancing fistula healing against pain, wounds and continence impairment. Sphincter-preserving procedures do exist but demonstrate variable rates of success.
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