Towards a Theory of Compassion Fatigue in Palliative Care and Oncology: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: In their care of terminally ill patients, palliative care physicians and oncologists are increasingly predisposed to physical and emotional exhaustion, or compassion fatigue (CF). Challenges faced by physicians include complex care needs; changing practice demands, and sociocultural contextual factors. Efforts to better understand CF have, however, been limited. We propose a systematic scoping review (SSR) to determine "What is known about theories of CF in physicians?".

Methods: Guided by the PRISMA-based Systematic Evidence-based Approach (SEBA) methodology, our SSR comprised searches for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023 on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Wiley, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases. Both thematic and content analyses were carried out.

Results: Of the 10 505 titles identified, 80 articles were included. 15 current theories of CF were evaluated, leading to two key domains: theories of CF and theories related to the costs of caring. Overall, theories of CF evolved from Figley's model with gradual encompassing of moral distress, vicarious trauma and burnout, alongside the inclusion of individual characteristics, decisioning and nous in later theories.

Conclusion: CF was found to be part of a wider cost of caring that links clinical experiences with self-concepts of personhood and identity. The Ring Theory of Personhood has been able to shed light on how physicians will respond to such experiences and is key to guiding physician support and the creation of nurturing working environments.