Citizens' trust in science increasingly depends on their political leaning. Structural equation models on survey data from 10 European countries ( = 5306) demonstrate that this can be captured by a model with four levels of generalization. Voters of populist parties distrust the in general, which indirectly fuels a broad science skepticism. At another level, right-wingers have less trust in than left-wingers. After accounting for this general skepticism, left-wingers and right-wingers are, however, similarly prone to contest ideology-incongruent and . These findings have three implications. First, research on science skepticism should carefully consider all four levels and their interplay. Second, the science polarization between populist and non-populist voters has fundamentally different origins than the effect of left-right ideology. Third, a four-level model can expose ideological symmetries in science rejection that have previously remained largely undetected in observational studies.
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