Effect of different types of milk consumption on type 2 diabetes and the mediating effect of amino acids: a Mendelian randomization study of East Asian population.

There is currently a lack of research examining the association between the consumption of different dairy products and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. To address this gap, the present study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential impact of 3 different types of milk consumption (including whole milk, semi-skim milk, and skim milk) on the risk of developing T2D. The results indicate that both whole milk and skim milk are associated with an increased risk of T2D (whole milk: OR = 1.022, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.044, P = 0.042, skim milk: OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.007-1.039, P = 0.005). Mediation analysis reveals that asparagine acts as a mediator between skim milk consumption and T2D, with a mediation effect of 0.003 (95% CI: 0.000 to 0.008), accounting for 14.269% of the total effect.