When conducting biomechanical testing or clinical training using embalmed human soft tissues, it is essential to understand their impact on biomechanical properties and their time dependence. Previous studies have investigated this influence, but specific variations over different embalming durations have not been thoroughly addressed to date. Ninety-seven human iliotibial band specimens were obtained from nine donors. All specimens were embalmed in ethanol-glycerin for varying durations: one day, eight days, and fourteen days. Prior to the mechanical trials, the specimens underwent osmotic water adjustment, tapering and standardized clamping. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to determine elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate strain. Surface strain measurements were performed using a digital image correlation system. Ethanol-glycerin embalming of soft tissues significantly affects ultimate strain after one day of submersion time, elastic modulus after eight days, and the ultimate tensile strength after fourteen days. For applications requiring consistent and reliable material properties reflecting a (supra-)vital state, caution is advised against using embalmed tissues even following short submersion durations in ethanol-glycerin.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.106887 | DOI Listing |
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater
January 2025
Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany; Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
When conducting biomechanical testing or clinical training using embalmed human soft tissues, it is essential to understand their impact on biomechanical properties and their time dependence. Previous studies have investigated this influence, but specific variations over different embalming durations have not been thoroughly addressed to date. Ninety-seven human iliotibial band specimens were obtained from nine donors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Anat
August 2024
Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Regional anatomy teaching forms a cornerstone of undergraduate medical education. Owing to an increase in teaching and learning content throughout the medical curriculum in recent years, contact hours and overall course durations in anatomy are under review worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether shortening the course content duration impacts learning gain and the ability to identify anatomical structures correctly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnat Sci Educ
November 2023
Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Anatomical dissection is known to serve as an integral tool in teaching gross anatomy, including postgraduate training. A variety of embalming techniques exist, resulting in different haptic and optical tissue properties. This study aimed to objectify learning outcomes and medical student perceptions related to the use of two widely used embalming techniques, namely Thiel and ethanol-glycerin embalming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnat Sci Int
January 2023
Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036, Graz, Austria.
Post-mortem specimens used for anatomy teaching are commonly embalmed using compositions of chemicals, with the objective to maintain tissue quality and to avoid putrefaction. Monitoring for bacterial or fungal contamination is becoming increasingly important especially when measures are taken to minimize exposure by chemicals such as formaldehyde. In this case, random swabs were taken from six corpses embalmed with ethanol-glycerin and Thiel embalming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
September 2022
School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
Mainly embalming fixative contains formaldehyde which is classified as a carcinogen. People who work with cadavers have been at higher risk of cancer after formaldehyde exposure. We have formulated a less-formalin fixative (contained 3.
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