This study determined the prevalence of reactive HIV serology at 12 months of age in infants exposed to HIV in utero. Of the 80 patients analyzed, 50 (63.3%) were anti-HIV reactive. This study suggests that it is probably not helpful to perform HIV antibody testing in HIV-exposed non-breastfed infants who have met virologic criteria to exclude HIV infection in the first year of life.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004732 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Cardiol
January 2025
Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Importance: A comprehensive lipid panel is recommended by guidelines to evaluate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, but uptake is low.
Objective: To evaluate whether direct outreach including bulk orders with and without text messaging increases lipid screening rates.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Pragmatic randomized clinical trial conducted from June 6, 2023, to September 6, 2023, at 2 primary care practices at an academic health system among patients aged 20 to 75 years with at least 1 primary care visit in the past 3 years who were overdue for lipid screening.
JAMA
January 2025
Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
Importance: Care management benefits community-dwelling patients with dementia, but studies include few patients with moderate to severe dementia or from racial and ethnic minority populations, lack palliative care, and seldom reduce health care utilization.
Objective: To determine whether integrated dementia palliative care reduces dementia symptoms, caregiver depression and distress, and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations compared with usual care in moderate to severe dementia.
Design, Setting, And Participants: A randomized clinical trial of community-dwelling patients with moderate to severe dementia and their caregivers enrolled from March 2019 to December 2020 from 2 sites in central Indiana (2-year follow-up completed on January 7, 2023).
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Importance: Pediatric obesity and hypertension are highly correlated. To mitigate both conditions, provision of counseling on nutrition, lifestyle, and weight to children with high blood pressure (BP) measurements is recommended.
Objective: To examine racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of nutrition, lifestyle, and weight counseling among patients with high BP at pediatric primary care visits stratified by patients' weight status.
JAMA Dermatol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Background: Interest in noninvasive treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been increasing. For superficial BCC, it has been demonstrated that imiquimod cream, 5%, has high long-term efficacy, but for nodular BCC (nBCC), long-term evidence is sparse.
Objectives: To evaluate whether superficial curettage (SC) followed by imiquimod cream, 5%, is noninferior to surgical excision (SE) in nBCC after 5 years of treatment.
Importance: The effectiveness of different approaches to dementia care is unknown.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of health system-based, community-based dementia care, and usual care for persons with dementia and for caregiver outcomes.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial of community-dwelling persons living with dementia and their caregivers conducted at 4 sites in the US (enrollment June 2019-January 2023; final follow-up, August 2023).
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