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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2505-9180 | DOI Listing |
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Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scholarly discussion suggests prevalent, overconfident use of attachment classifications in child protection (CP) investigations but no systematic research has examined actual prevalence, the methods used to derive such classifications, or their interpretations. We aimed to cover this gap using survey data from a nationally representative sample of Swedish CP workers ( = 191). Three key findings emerged.
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Med J Armed Forces India
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Am J Epidemiol
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Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
There is no complete solution for the problem of abuse of statistics, but methodological training needs to cover cognitive biases and other psychosocial factors affecting inferences. The present paper discusses 3 common cognitive distortions: 1) dichotomania, the compulsion to perceive quantities as dichotomous even when dichotomization is unnecessary and misleading, as in inferences based on whether a P value is "statistically significant"; 2) nullism, the tendency to privilege the hypothesis of no difference or no effect when there is no scientific basis for doing so, as when testing only the null hypothesis; and 3) statistical reification, treating hypothetical data distributions and statistical models as if they reflect known physical laws rather than speculative assumptions for thought experiments. As commonly misused, null-hypothesis significance testing combines these cognitive problems to produce highly distorted interpretation and reporting of study results.
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Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hubris, or pride, is one of the seven cardinal sins, which can manifest itself in over-confidence, incorrect heuristics and biased reasoning. If a tendency to 'know better' leads to performing superfluous procedures, it is an expression of Hubris. Superfluous procedures can be defined as "generally accepted procedures the effectiveness of which can be invalidated on the basis of scientific knowledge".
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