Starch phosphorylation - A new perspective: A review.

The phosphorylation of the storage carbohydrates, starch and glycogen, is a process that is fundamental to their physicochemical properties and their turnover. Therefore, the interest utilising phosphorylation as a biotechnological tool to customize polysaccharides has risen permanently. Today, the phosphoesterification of both carbohydrate forms is much better understood. In recent years, important new insights have been gained into the molecular mechanism of starch phosphoesterification and its effects. In the following, the current state of knowledge on starch phosphorylation is briefly summarized. In addition, protein structure predictions for GWD are presented and considered for the first time in the context of recently published analyses of starch phosphorylation, which have opened up novel perspectives on this process. Therefore, we focus on a detailed discussion of the molecular events that occur at the surface of starch granules and enable a revised and in-depth understanding of starch granule phosphorylation.