Abnormal ferrous ion (Fe) levels lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, disrupting intracellular viscosity and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Simultaneously visualizing Fe and intracellular viscosity is essential for understanding the detailed pathophysiological processes of HCC. Herein, we report the first dual-responsive probe, , capable of simultaneously monitoring Fe and viscosity. shows highly selective turn-on near-infrared fluorescence (∼30-fold enhancement at 740 nm) for Fe with high sensitivity (LOD = 25 nM) and a significant Stokes shift (290 nm). Moreover, shows a distinct orange-red fluorescence enhancement at 587 nm as the viscosity increases. Due to its lower cytotoxicity and high sensitivity, can distinguish cancer cells from normal cells by detecting Fe and viscosity in dual channels. More importantly, using , we found that the levels of Fe and viscosity elevated in the precancerous stage of HCC and gradually increased as the disease progressed. Overall, this work provides a new potential tool for investigating viscosity and Fe-related pathological processes underlying HCC.
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