Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Exogenous insulin can counteract the diminished response to insulin and effectively controlling blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing diabetes-related complications. However, given the injectable nature of exogenous insulin, apprehensions regarding its safety and the difficulties associated with its administration have hindered its widespread and prompt utilization. In this context, advanced oral insulin formulations can improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes and enhance their quality of life. Over the last 20 years, sophisticated pharmaceutical technologies have been utilized to provide insulin through oral formulations. Despite the limited absorption of oral insulin, these studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in translating clinical discoveries into commercialization. This review examines the advancements of several oral insulin formulations in preclinical and clinical trials, their effectiveness and safety characteristics, and potential implications for future treatment options.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03062-7 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
J Nanobiotechnology
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Exogenous insulin can counteract the diminished response to insulin and effectively controlling blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing diabetes-related complications. However, given the injectable nature of exogenous insulin, apprehensions regarding its safety and the difficulties associated with its administration have hindered its widespread and prompt utilization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerum resistin increases in gestational diabetes but does not differ among various trimesters.
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Background And Aims: Resistin is inflammatory adipocytokine released from adipose and other tissue. It is thought that it is related to insulin resistance and pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study was aimed to determine the level of serum resistin in mothers with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in all trimesters to see whether it differs among different trimesters as well as between GDM and NGT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of 24-Hour Diet- or Exercise-Induced Energy Availability Manipulations on Substrate Utilization and Performance.
Med Sci Sports Exerc
November 2024
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA.
Purpose: To examine sex-based differences in substrate oxidation, postprandial metabolism, and performance in response to 24-hour manipulations in energy availability (EA), induced by manipulations to energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE).
Methods: In a Latin Square design, 20 endurance athletes (10 females using monophasic oral contraceptives and 10 males) undertook five trials, each comprising three consecutive days. Day one was a standardized period of high EA; EA was then manipulated on day two; post-intervention testing occurred on day three.
Glipizide inhibits the glycation of alpha-crystallin: A combined in vitro and in silico approach in retinopathy management.
J Mol Graph Model
January 2025
Department of Refraction, Baoji Aier Eye Hospital, Bao'ji, 721000, China. Electronic address:
In human eye, structural proteins, known as crystallins, play a crucial role in maintaining the eye's refractive index. These crystallins constitute majority of the total soluble proteins found in the eye lens. Among them, α-crystallins (α-CR) is one of the major components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of metabolic syndrome components, serum uric acid levels and epicardial adipose tissue thickness in pubertal children by severity of obesity.
Turk J Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
Background: We aimed to evaluate how the parameters used in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and parameters such as epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness, insulin resistance (IR), and serum uric acid (SUA) are affected according to the severity of obesity.
Methods: A total of 120 obese patients aged 10-18 years were classified as class 1-2-3 according to their body mass index (BMI) score. SUA was measured and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on all patients.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!