Tropical peatlands are significant sources of methane (CH₄), but their contribution to the global CH₄ budget remains poorly quantified due to the lack of long-term, continuous and high-frequency flux measurements. To address this gap, we measured net ecosystem CH exchange (NEE-CH) using eddy covariance technique throughout the conversion of a tropical peat swamp forest to an oil palm plantation. This encompassed the periods before, during and after conversion periods from 2014 to 2020, during which substantial environmental shifts were observed. Draining the peatland substantially lowered mean monthly groundwater levels from -20.0 ± 14.2 cm before conversion to -102.3 ± 31.6 cm during conversion and increased slightly to -96.5 ± 19.3 cm after conversion. Forest removal increased mean monthly soil temperature by 2.3 to 3.1 °C, reducing net radiation (R) and raising vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Following the tree removal, controlled burning temporarily warmed air temperature by 8 °C, increased VPD and significantly attenuated R, resulting in negative values owing to radiation interception by smoke and increased surface warming. Contrary to expectations that drainage would lower CH emissions, the site remained a consistent net source, with even higher emissions observed during and after conversion. The mean monthly NEE-CH during conversion (23.3 ± 8.6 mg C m d) was about 2-times higher than before conversion (12.1 ± 5.3 mg C m d) and about 1.5-times higher than after conversion (16.3 ± 4.1 mg C m d). The heightened CH release is likely attributable to emissions from drainage ditches, underscoring their significant role in post-conversion CH dynamics. Despite its short duration, controlled burning substantially elevated NEE-CH, ranging from 0.04 to 0.91 mg C m s. Our findings highlight the substantial impact of land conversion on peatland CH dynamics, emphasizing the need for accurate flux measurements across various conversion stages to refine global CH budgets.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178466 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Colour Science and Textile Chemistry Research Center, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
Superhydrophobic fabrics suffer from being commonly penetrated by moisture after laundering, seriously deteriorating their water repellency after air drying. Numerous researchers have successfully recovered superhydrophobicity by drying in fluid ovens; however, high energy consumption and equipment dependence limit practical applications. Herein, the superhydrophobic photothermal self-healing cotton fabric (SPS cotton fabric) was fabricated by depositing a composite layer of cellulose nanocrystal-MXene (C-MXene) and polyacrylate (PA) coatings on the cotton cloth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFH*10 neutron dosimetry (unlike gamma dosimetry), requires consideration of neutron energy spectra due to the 20× variation of the weight factor over the thermal-to-fast energy range, as well as the neutron radiation field dose rates ranging from cosmic, ~.01 μSv h-1 levels to commonly encountered ~10-200 μSv h-1 in nuclear laboratories/processing plants, and upwards of 104 Sv h-1 in nuclear reactor environments. This paper discusses the outcome of the comparison of spectrum-weighted neutron dosimetry covering thermal-to-fast energy using the novel H*-TMFD spectroscopy-enabled sensor system in comparison with measurements using state-of-the-art neutron dosimetry systems at SRNS-Rotating Spectrometer (ROSPEC), and non-spectroscopic Eberline ASP2E ("Eberline") and Ludlum 42-49B ("Ludlum") survey instrumentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Material and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
Sticker-type transparent antireflective film (STAF) is applied to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reduce the reflection and improve the light-trapping ability of PSCs. However, the development of STAF is hindered by many factors, such as expensive materials, low actual service life, unsatisfactory antireflective effect, and a lack of research on stability. This work proposes an ultraviolet (UV)-resistant enhanced sticker-type nanostructure acrylic resin antireflective film (SNAAF), which is applied to the incident surface of PSCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea.
Liquid metals (LMs), i.e., metals and alloys that exist in a liquid state at room temperature, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic and rheological properties useful in various cutting-edge technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, SeattleWashington98195, United States.
Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in lipid signaling underlies variations in response and recurrence for many cancers, including leukemias. A highly parallel, miniaturized thin-layer chromatographic platform capable of assaying single cells was developed. Ultrasmall volumes (50 pL) of standard fluorescent lipids were separated with excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and limits of detection.
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