Sci Adv
Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Published: January 2025
Several human disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by the aberrant formation of amyloid fibrils. In many cases, the amyloid core is flanked by disordered regions, known as fuzzy coat. The structural properties of fuzzy coats, and their interactions with their environments, however, have not been fully described to date. Here, we generate conformational ensembles of two brain-derived amyloid filaments of Aβ42, corresponding respectively to the familial and sporadic forms of AD. Our approach, called metadynamic electron microscopy metainference (MEMMI), provides a characterization of the transient interactions between the fuzzy coat and the cross-β core of the filaments. These calculations indicate that the familial AD filaments are less soluble than the sporadic AD filaments, and that the fuzzy coat contributes to solubilizing both types of filament. These results illustrate how the metainference approach can help analyze cryo-EM maps for the characterization of the properties of amyloid fibrils.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr7008 | DOI Listing |
Adv Colloid Interface Sci
January 2025
Breakthrough Technologies, Deakin, ACT, Australia.
The glycocalyx and its associated endothelial surface layer which lines all cell membranes and most tissues, dwarfs the phospholipid membrane of cells in extent. Its major components are sulphated polymers like heparan and chondroitin sulphates and hyaluronic acid. These form a fuzzy layer of unknown structure and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Crit Care
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China. Electronic address:
Objective: To assess the association of serum glycocalyx shedding components (Heparan sulfate, HS; Hyaluronic acid, HA; Syndecan-1, Sdc-1) with outcomes after CA.
Methods: Patients who were comatose for >24 h after CA in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from 9/2021 to 04/2023 were enrolled. Serum samples were collected 24 h after CA to measure the concentrations of glycocalyx shedding components.
Biomedicines
December 2024
Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Objectives: A prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time of over 180 min is linked to poorer outcomes and higher mortality in cardiac surgery. This study examines how glypican-1 shedding, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in patients undergoing on-pump surgery with an extended CPB.
Methods: Fifty-one patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative CPB duration: (i) normal CPB (<180 min, = 23) and (ii) prolonged CPB (>180 min, = 28).
Hypertension
January 2025
Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden. (C.E., F.P., L.E., S.R.H.).
Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder marked by endothelial damage. Healthy endothelium is covered by a protective glycocalyx layer, which, when degraded, releases detectable products into the blood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a cardiovascular biomarker involved in glycocalyx preservation, linked to placentation and preeclampsia development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Dev Biol
January 2025
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
The glycocalyx is a dense and dynamic layer of glycosylated species that covers every cell in the human body. It plays crucial roles in various cellular processes in health and disease, such as cancer immune evasion, cancer immune therapy, blastocyst implantation, and functional attenuation of membrane protein diffusion. In addition, alterations in glycocalyx structure may play an important role in ocular surface diseases, e.
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