Purpose: This feasibility study estimated accrual, retention, adherence, and summarized preliminary efficacy data from a stepped-care telehealth intervention for cancer survivors with moderate or severe levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.
Methods: Participants were randomized to intervention or enhanced usual care (stratified by symptom severity). In the intervention group, those with moderate symptoms received a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) workbook/6 bi-weekly check-in calls (low intensity) and severe symptoms received the workbook/12 weekly therapy sessions (high intensity). Depression, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, quality of life (QOL), fear of recurrence, and cancer-related distress were assessed pre- and post-intervention.
Results: Participants (N = 68; ages 36-82; 88% White) were randomized to telehealth (n = 34) or enhanced usual care (EUC, n = 34), stratified by symptoms (moderate, n = 38; severe, n = 30). Accrual was 1.8/month with 88% retention and > 75% adherence. For those with moderate symptoms, the low-intensity intervention was associated with better cancer-related distress post-intervention but worse fatigue, insomnia, and physical QOL and and minimal differences for anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and mental QOL compared with EUC using clinically meaningful values to assess differences. For those with severe symptoms, the high-intensity intervention was associated with better fatigue, fear of recurrence, cancer-related distress, and physical/mental QOL.
Conclusions: Accrual to a stepped-care telehealth intervention for distressed cancer survivors was lower than expected, but retention and adherence were strong. Data suggest potential impact of the high-intensity intervention.
Implications For Cancer Survivors: A telephone-based CBT intervention where cancer survivors worked with a therapist yielded improvements in fatigue, fear of recurrence, distress, and quality of life.
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