To address the challenges of unbalanced class labels with varying maturity levels of tomato fruits and low recognition accuracy for both fruits and stems in intelligent harvesting, we propose the YOLOX-SE-GIoU model for identifying tomato fruit maturity and stems. The SE focus module was incorporated into YOLOX to improve the identification accuracy, addressing the imbalance in the number of tomato fruits and stems. Additionally, we optimized the loss function to GIoU loss to minimize discrepancies across different scales of fruits and stems. The mean average precision (mAP) of the improved YOLOX-SE-GIoU model reaches 92.17%. Compared to YOLOv4, YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOX models, the improved model shows an improvement of 1.17-22.21%. The average precision (AP) for unbalanced semi-ripe tomatoes increased by 1.68-26.66%, while the AP for stems increased by 3.78-45.03%. Experimental results demonstrate that the YOLOX-SE-GIoU model exhibits superior overall recognition performance for unbalanced and scale-variant samples compared to the original model and other models in the same series. It effectively reduces false and missed detections during tomato harvesting, improving the identification accuracy of tomato fruits and stems. The findings of this work provide a technical foundation for developing advanced fruit harvesting techniques.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84869-0 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030800, China.
To address the challenges of unbalanced class labels with varying maturity levels of tomato fruits and low recognition accuracy for both fruits and stems in intelligent harvesting, we propose the YOLOX-SE-GIoU model for identifying tomato fruit maturity and stems. The SE focus module was incorporated into YOLOX to improve the identification accuracy, addressing the imbalance in the number of tomato fruits and stems. Additionally, we optimized the loss function to GIoU loss to minimize discrepancies across different scales of fruits and stems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew Phytol
January 2025
Section for Plant Biochemistry and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Lupins are promising protein crops that accumulate toxic quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in the seeds, complicating their end-use. QAs are synthesized in green organs (leaves, stems, and pods) and a subset of them is transported to the seeds during fruit development. The exact sites of biosynthesis and accumulation remain unknown; however, mesophyll cells have been proposed as sources, and epidermal cells as sinks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPak J Pharm Sci
January 2025
Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Borj Cedria Biotechnology Center, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
Plants constitute a source of natural phytochemical components which are widely known for their potential biological activities. This work concerned a study of the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium L.) parts (flowers, fruits, leaves and stems) using different solvent extracts (cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 520521, China.
Background: Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) proteins play significant roles in signal transduction, growth and development, as well as abiotic stress responses, in plants. Understanding their involvement in the low-temperature stress response of teak is vital for revealing cold resistance mechanisms.
Results: Through bioinformatics analysis, the CAMTA gene family in teak was examined, and six CAMTA genes were identified in teak.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Section of Botany, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
Despite its important pharmacological bioactivities, betulinic acid is still primarily obtained through extraction from heartwood and bark or synthesized synthetically, with less than 3% efficiency. Our endemic rose species, Rosa pisiformis (Christ.) D.
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