Persistent racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) in the United States may be better understood through the adoption of a life course perspective that considers differential exposure and vulnerability of Black and White women to socioeconomic position across generations. Using a multigenerational dataset of singleton birth certificates from South Carolina from 1989 to 2020 linked along the maternal line, we constructed intergenerational social mobility trajectories of grandmaternal and maternal education and compared unadjusted and adjusted associations between trajectories and LBW among Black and White women. We found that White women were more likely to be upwardly mobile, and Black women to be downwardly mobile. We found a protective association between upward mobility and LBW for all White women, but only for the most highly educated Black women, consistent with the theory of marginalization-related diminished returns. We also observed a difference by race in the association between downward mobility and LBW, such that high childhood socioeconomic position better buffered low adulthood socioeconomic position for White women than Black women, consistent with theories of compensatory advantage. Finally, we observed racial disparities in the prevalence of LBW even at the highest levels of maternal education, highlighting the inability of even high socioeconomic position across two generations to reduce Black/White disparities in LBW.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117675 | DOI Listing |
Law Hum Behav
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
Objective: We conducted a survey to catalog the state of open science in the field of psychology and law. We addressed four major questions: (a) How do psycholegal researchers define open science? (b) How do psycholegal researchers perceive open science? (c) How often do psycholegal researchers use various open science practices? and (d) What barriers, if any, do psycholegal researchers face or expect to face when implementing open science practices?
Hypotheses: We did not make specific hypotheses given the exploratory and descriptive nature of the study.
Method: We surveyed 740 psychology and law researchers (45% faculty, 64% doctoral degree, 66% women, and 85% White/non-Hispanic) about their perceptions of and experiences with open science using a mixed-methods design.
Breastfeed Med
January 2025
School of Public Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Breastfeeding provides essential nutrition and disease protection for infants while reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and breast cancer in mothers. Despite these benefits, significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in breastfeeding initiation, particularly among Black women. This study examines racial differences in the receipt of breastfeeding information from varying sources and their association with breastfeeding initiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms
May 2025
Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Although sleep duration and sleep-related breathing disorders were associated with dementia previously, few studies examined the association between circadian rhythm association and cognitive status.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of rest and activity rhythm with cognitive performance in older people with cognitive complaints and less education.
Methods: Activity rhythm was evaluated with wrist actigraphy in 109 community-dwelling older people with cognitive complaints without diagnosed dementia.
Clin Neuropsychol
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the putative clinical syndrome of chronic traumatic encephalopathy-a neuropathological disease associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI). Careful operationalization of cognitive impairment is essential to improving the diagnostic specificity and accuracy of TES criteria. We compared single- versus two-test criteria for cognitive impairment in their associations with CSF and imaging biomarkers in male former American football players.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Background: Mentorship and research experiences are crucial for STEMM career entry and advancement. However, systemic barriers have excluded people from historically underrepresented groups.
Methods: In 2021, a virtual "matchmaking event" was held to connect NIH-funded research mentors with historically underrepresented trainees and initiate mentored research experiences.
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