The article provides an important warning but its general conclusions should be nuanced: (i) When there is no evidence for it, we should depart from the hypothesis that a species lacks a particular cognitive capacity, and (ii) inferences from absence of evidence can be epistemically sound and scientifically strategic in cognitive and linguistic archaeology.
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Inferences from absences.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
School of Philosophy, Research School of the Social Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra,
Stibbard-Hawkes shows that cultures using material symbols might well not leave traces of that practice in the archaeological record. The paper thus poses an important challenge: When is absence of evidence evidence of absence? This commentary uses behavioural ecology to make modest progress on this problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNegative priors and inferences from absence of evidence in cognitive and linguistic archaeology: Epistemically sound and scientifically strategic.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
CNRS-IKER (UMR 5478), Bayonne, France.
The article provides an important warning but its general conclusions should be nuanced: (i) When there is no evidence for it, we should depart from the hypothesis that a species lacks a particular cognitive capacity, and (ii) inferences from absence of evidence can be epistemically sound and scientifically strategic in cognitive and linguistic archaeology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Search of an Integrative Method to Study Unconscious Processing: An Application of Bayesian and General Recognition Theory Models to the Processing of Hierarchical Patterns in the Absence of Awareness.
J Cogn
January 2025
Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The dissociation between conscious and unconscious perception is one of the most relevant issues in the study of human cognition. While there is evidence suggesting that some stimuli might be unconsciously processed up to its meaning (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRare earth element (REEs) imprints and provenance of wetland sediments from Oaxaca coast, Mexico.
Mar Pollut Bull
January 2025
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Delg. Gustavo A Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
REEs in wetland sediments from the Oaxaca coast in southern Mexico were used to infer the sources and depositional processes by involving both the geochemical characteristics and geostatistical approaches. Statistically strong positive correlation between REEs confirmed similar origin in all the cores. Light REEs (LREEs) represented >84 % of ΣREE mean concentrations varies between 47.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEM-AUC: A Novel Algorithm for Evaluating Anomaly Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Effective network intrusion detection using anomaly scores from unsupervised machine learning models depends on the performance of the models. Although unsupervised models do not require labels during the training and testing phases, the assessment of their performance metrics during the evaluation phase still requires comparing anomaly scores against labels. In real-world scenarios, the absence of labels in massive network datasets makes it infeasible to calculate performance metrics.
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