Developing efficient, multifunctional electrodes for energy storage and conversion devices is crucial. Herein, lattice strains are reported in the β-phase polymorph of CoMoO within CoMoO@CoO heterostructure via phosphorus doping (P-CoMoO@CoO) and used as a high-performance trifunctional electrode for supercapacitors (SCs), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes. A tensile strain of +2.42% on the β-phase of CoMoO in P-CoMoO@CoO results in superior electrochemical performance compared to CoMoO@CoO. The optimized P-CoMoO@CoO achieves a high energy density of 118 Wh kg in an asymmetric supercapacitor and low overpotentials of 189 mV for the HER and 365 mV for the OER at a current density of 500 mA cm. This results in a low overall water splitting voltage of 1.71 V at the same current density making it an effective bifunctional electrode in a 1 m KOH freshwater electrolyte. Theoretical analysis shows that the excellent performance of P-CoMoO@CoO can be attributed to interfacial interactions between CoMoO and CoO, and the β-phase of CoMoO, which lead to strong OH adsorption and low energy barriers for reaction intermediates. Practical application is demonstrated by using P-CoMoO@CoO-based ASCs to self-generate hydrogen (H) in a P-CoMoO@CoO||P-CoMoO@CoO alkaline seawater electrolyzer, showcasing its potential for future energy technologies.
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