Experiences of first-time fathers in the transition to parenting: A qualitative study.

Problem: Despite cultural or individual differences, fathers have difficulty finding a role in the parenting process, they feel inadequate in baby care and they think they are excluded by health personnel.

Background: Little is known about how first-time fathers perceive their experiences, needs, and fatherhood roles during their transition to parenthood.

Objective: This study was conducted to understand the experiences, needs and fatherhood roles of first-time fathers in the transition to parenthood.

Method: This qualitative study including 12 fathers who had 3-12-month-old babies and lived with their spouses in a district in the north of Türkiye was conducted using individual in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using the content analysis.

Findings: The following four categories emerged in the content analysis of in-depth individual interviews: 'new fathers' perception of the fatherhood role', 'difficulties they experience due to becoming a new father', 'father-infant attachment and its effects on the new father" and "new fathers' needs and suggestions. The participating fathers discovered their roles as income providers during pregnancy and as caregivers during labour and the postpartum period, and were willing to participate in the process. Father-infant attachment began during pregnancy and took shape in the postpartum period.

Conclusion: Although the fathers lacked knowledge and support for involvement, they were aware of their roles as providers and caregivers in parenting. Father-infant bonding appears to be both a cause and a consequence of the development of fathering roles.