Comparison of osseointegration in commercial SLA-treated dental implants with different surface roughness: a pilot study in beagle dogs.

Purpose: This pilot study investigated the effect of surface roughness on osseointegration by comparing two types of commercial SLA-treated dental implants with different surface roughness levels: moderately rough (S = 1 - 2 µm) and rough surfaces (S > 2 µm).

Materials And Methods: Two implant groups were studied: TS (rough surface) and ADD (moderately rough surface) groups. Surface characteristics were analyzed using optical profilometry and SEM. studies using BRITER cells assessed cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation through CCK-8 assay and qRT-PCR for osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. The study involved 12 implants (six per group) placed in mandibular defects of two beagle dogs. After 8 weeks, histomorphometric analysis evaluated bone to implant contact (BIC) and inter-thread bone density (ITBD). Statistical analysis used Student's t-test and two-way ANOVA for data, and Mann-Whitney U test for data.

Results: Surface analysis revealed S values of 2.50 ± 0.27 µm for the TS group and 1.80 ± 0.06 µm for the ADD group. studies showed no significant differences in cell adhesion and proliferation between the groups ( > .05). However, gene expression patterns differed, with ADD group showing higher OPN expression ( < .001) and TS group showing higher ALP expression ( < .01). The study revealed no statistically significant differences in BIC and ITBD between the two groups ( > .05).

Conclusion: Surface roughness influenced osteoblast differentiation , but did not significantly affect osseointegration outcomes . Both moderately rough and rough surfaces appeared to support comparable levels of osseointegration. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine optimal implant surface characteristics.