A Consecutive Genome Engineering Method Reveals a New Phenotype and Regulation of Glucose and Glycerol Utilization in .

is a microorganism for production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and butanol, but suffers from lacking genetic tools for metabolic engineering to improve product titers. Furthermore, previous studies of have mainly focused on single genomic modification. The aim of this work is the development and application of a method for modification of multiple gene targets in the genome of . To this end, a new approach for consecutive genome engineering is presented for the first time using a method based on endogenous CRISPR-Cas machineries. A total of three genome modifications were consecutively introduced in the same mutant and the effect of combined changes on the genome was observed by 39% decreased specific glycerol consumption rate and 29% increased 1,3-PDO yield in mixed substrate fermentations at laboratory scale in comparison to the wildtype strain. Additionally, examination of the phenotype of the generated mutant strain led to discovery of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) production of up to 0.48 g L, and this metabolite was not reported to be produced by before. The developed procedure expands the genetic toolkit for and provides researchers an additional method which contributes to improved genetic accessibility of this strain.