In this issue, Compton and colleagues report the prevalence of neoplasia and malignant cancer in 292 species, based on 16,049 necropsy records, shedding light on susceptibility to cancer and the evolution of mechanisms that protect against cancer across a broad array of vertebrates. See related article by Compton et al., p. 227.
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Peto's Paradox Is Dead. Long Live Peto's Paradox.
Cancer Discov
January 2025
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
In this issue, Compton and colleagues report the prevalence of neoplasia and malignant cancer in 292 species, based on 16,049 necropsy records, shedding light on susceptibility to cancer and the evolution of mechanisms that protect against cancer across a broad array of vertebrates. See related article by Compton et al., p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA repair and anti-cancer mechanisms in the long-lived bowhead whale.
bioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
At over 200 years, the maximum lifespan of the bowhead whale exceeds that of all other mammals. The bowhead is also the second-largest animal on Earth, reaching over 80,000 kg. Despite its very large number of cells and long lifespan, the bowhead is not highly cancer-prone, an incongruity termed Peto's Paradox.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond Peto's paradox: expanding the study of cancer resistance across species.
Evolution
December 2024
CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Article Synopsis
- Peto's paradox reveals that larger and longer-lived species often have lower-than-expected cancer rates, sparking interest in how they achieve cancer resistance despite traits that might suggest higher risks.
- The research suggests shifting focus to other species with characteristics that increase cancer risk but still show unexpected resistance, aiming to discover potential therapies for humans.
- The study emphasizes the need to consider species that balance cancer risks and defenses while addressing challenges posed by human activities, and suggests that examining transmissible cancers could provide insights into natural suppression of cancer spread.
Cancer Prevalence across Vertebrates.
Cancer Discov
January 2025
Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Cancer is pervasive across multicellular species, but what explains the differences in cancer prevalence across species? Using 16,049 necropsy records for 292 species spanning three clades of tetrapods (amphibians, sauropsids, and mammals), we found that neoplasia and malignancy prevalence increases with adult mass (contrary to Peto's paradox) and somatic mutation rate but decreases with gestation time. The relationship between adult mass and malignancy prevalence was only apparent when we controlled for gestation time. Evolution of cancer susceptibility appears to have undergone sudden shifts followed by stabilizing selection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of Cancer-Resisting Evolutionary Adaptations in Wild Animals and Applications for Human Oncology.
J Mol Evol
December 2024
Shoreline Community College, 16101 Greenwood Avenue North, Shoreline, WA, 98133-5696, USA.
This literature review is to present a new direction in developing better treatment or preventive measures. The larger the body of an organism, the more numerous the cells, which theoretically lead to a higher risk of cancer. However, observational studies suggest the lack of correlation between body size and cancer risk, which is known as Peto's paradox.
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