Does using the Lung Clearance Index (LCI) inform clinical decisions in children with cystic fibrosis?

Introduction: The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is an established research test, but its role in clinical decision-making is not well defined. This study estimated the proportion of treatment decisions that are changed or supported by the added information provided by LCI.

Methods: A mixed methods prospective observational study was conducted in North America. Providers were invited to participate in a clinical vignette survey consisting of 10 hypothetical scenarios involving pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) management. First, they made a clinical decision based on information captured in routine clinical visits. Then, the LCI value was made available, and providers were asked whether the LCI changed or supported their decision. A prospective study was also conducted at three CF centres to determine how often physicians make pulmonary treatment decisions at CF clinic visits and how often they perceive additional lung function data would be helpful for these decisions.

Results: We received 522 vignette responses from 62 participants. LCI changed the decision in 18.4 % of cases, supported the decision in 57.1 % and did not impact the decision in 24.5 %. Data from patient encounters in the prospective study demonstrated that changes to pulmonary treatments were considered in 98/322 (30.4 %) visits; additional lung function information could potentially have helped in 64.3 % of the treatment decisions.

Conclusion: LCI changes or supports a significant proportion of treatment decisions. Providers perceive that additional information about lung function could be helpful at the majority of encounters where changes in treatment are considered.