Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection is the cause of high impact disease syndromes, affecting the global horse industry. The effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of EHV-1 in naturally occurring outbreaks is not quantified. Our aims were to estimate R for EHV-1 in equine populations from outbreak data, and evaluate the effect of vaccination status of the herd on R through a systematic review, model-based estimations and meta-analysis. A literature search for outbreak reports was carried out. Depending on available data, the early epidemic growth rate (GR) or final attack rate (AR) approach was used to estimate the basic reproduction number for that outbreak. Herd vaccination status, as well as virus genotype and use of antivirals were recorded. Only outbreaks in herds where either none or all of the horses had been vaccinated were included. An overall estimate for R (non-vaccinated herds) and R (vaccinated herds) was computed by meta-analysis and the two groups were compared using a random effects model. Twelve outbreaks, in herds of 16-135 horses, met the inclusion criteria, of which six occurred in non-vaccinated herds and six in vaccinated herds. One R calculation from a report describing empirical determination of a herd immunity threshold was also included. We found no evidence for a significant difference between estimates of R and R in outbreaks: Rˆ=3.3(2.6-4.0) and Rˆ=2.7(2.1-3.2), p = 0.15. Our main limitations were our inability to investigate the influence of genotype or antivirals on results. Sensitivity analyses gave volatile p-values. In conclusion, we found no robust evidence for a significant reduction on transmission of EHV-1 in herds where all horses were vaccinated vs non-vaccinated herds. Rˆ in herds where all horses were vaccinated was substantially > 1 and vaccination as a sole mitigating measure may have limited effect on transmission of EHV-1.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106418 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
A model-based approach to evaluate the effect of vaccination of the herd on transmission of equine herpesvirus 1 in naturally occurring outbreaks.
Prev Vet Med
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection is the cause of high impact disease syndromes, affecting the global horse industry. The effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of EHV-1 in naturally occurring outbreaks is not quantified. Our aims were to estimate R for EHV-1 in equine populations from outbreak data, and evaluate the effect of vaccination status of the herd on R through a systematic review, model-based estimations and meta-analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-time transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of the fetal eye (vitreous body) to predict parturition in bucking horse mares.
J Equine Vet Sci
January 2025
New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square. PA 19348, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Monitoring gestation and predicting foaling dates in mares, especially in pasture-bred bucking horses, is complicated due to unknown breeding dates.
- A study developed a breed-specific scale that correlates fetal vitreous body length measured via transrectal ultrasonography with days before parturition (DBP) for bucking horses.
- The resulting curvilinear equation accurately predicts DBP based on fetal eye measurements, highlighting that previously used equations for small ponies do not apply accurately to bucking horse pregnancies.
Effects of Porcine Zona Pellucida Immunocontraception on Mare Body Condition and Foaling Season Length in Two Western Wild Horse Populations.
Animals (Basel)
December 2024
Science and Conservation Center, 2100 South Shiloh Road, Billings, MT 59106, USA.
Wildlife managers and the public have expressed considerable interest in the use of contraception to help manage the populations of wild horses and burros ( and ). Field testing has shown that two preparations of the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine, a simple emulsion (ZonaStat-H) and PZP-22 (which supplements ZonaStat-H with a controlled-release component) effectively prevent pregnancy in individual mares and can substantially reduce population foaling rates. To determine whether some PZP preparations might have secondary effects that harm treated mares or their foals, we examined the effects of PZP-22 vaccinations and the follow-up boosters of either PZP-22 or ZonaStat-H on adult female body condition, foaling season, and foal mortality in two wild horse herds in the western USA, Cedar Mountains Herd Management Area, Utah (CM; 2008-2015), and Sand Wash Basin Herd Management Area, Colorado (SWB; 2008-2014).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersistent predators: Zooarchaeological evidence for specialized horse hunting at Schöningen 13II-4.
J Hum Evol
November 2024
MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Leibnitz Center for Archaeology, Neuwied, 56567, Germany; Institute of Ancient Studies, Department of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122, Germany.
The Schöningen 13II-4 site is a marvel of Paleolithic archaeology. With the extraordinary preservation of complete wooden spears and butchered large mammal bones dating from the Middle Pleistocene, Schöningen maintains a prominent position in the halls of human origins worldwide. Here, we present the first analysis of the complete large mammal faunal assemblage from Schöningen 13II-4, drawing on multiple lines of zooarchaeological and taphonomic evidence to expose the full spectrum of hominin activities at the site-before, during, and after the hunt.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA comparison of the welfare of free-ranging native pony herds on common land with those used for conservation grazing in the UK.
Anim Welf
September 2024
Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.
Free-ranging native Dartmoor and Exmoor ponies have not only held strong cultural and environmental significance for thousands of years within their respective national parks, but their environmental benefits and naturally selected characteristics have also been acknowledged and harnessed for conservation grazing and rewilding programmes. Despite a wealth of literature regarding the welfare of sports, leisure and working horses, there is little information concerning the welfare of free-ranging and extensively grazing ponies. The present study compared the welfare of native Exmoor and Dartmoor ponies grazing on the moors in their respective national parks (n = 47) with those that have been translocated to other areas of the UK for use in conservation grazing and rewilding programmes (n = 29) using a specifically designed observational welfare assessment protocol for free-ranging ponies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!