A rare case of female urinary retention caused by urethral leiomyoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Female urethral leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor that originates from the smooth muscle cells in the urethra's wall. Surgical resection is often the primary treatment option. However, the tumor's location and size can present challenges for complete removal while preserving urethral function. Here, we report a case of female urethral leiomyoma causing chronic urinary retention and bladder diverticulum and provide a review of the existing literature on this rare condition.

Presentation Of Case: Following a hysterectomy, a 49-year-old Asian woman was referred to our department due to postoperative urinary retention, initially suspected to be iatrogenic urethral trauma. Cystography revealed bladder prolapse indicative of a cystocele and diverticula on the bladder wall. Pelvic MRI demonstrated a vaginal mass, along with multiple cervical cysts, bladder diverticulum, and urethral stricture.

Clinical Discussion: Complete surgical excision of the mass and diverticulectomy were performed, with histopathological examination confirming the presence of urethral leiomyoma and bullous diverticulum. The surgical intervention successfully resolved the urinary retention and bladder diverticulum associated with the urethral leiomyoma. The patient experienced significant improvement in urinary symptoms and was discharged home with instructions for follow-up care.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering urethral leiomyoma as a potential cause of urinary retention in women. The successful surgical intervention emphasizes the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis of urethral leiomyoma to prevent complications such as bladder diverticulum. Further research of similar cases is essential to better understand this rare condition's pathogenesis and optimal management strategies.