Peroxynitrite (ONOO/ONOOH) is a short-lived but highly reactive species that is formed in the diffusion-controlled reaction between nitric oxide and the superoxide radical anion. It can oxidize certain biomolecules and has been considered as a key cellular oxidant formed under various pathophysiological conditions. It is crucial to selectively detect and quantify ONOO to determine its role in biological processes. In this review, we discuss various approaches used to detect ONOO in cell-free and cellular systems with the major emphasis on small-molecule chemical probes. We review the chemical principles and mechanisms responsible for the formation of the detectable products, and plausible limitations of the probes. We recommend the use of boronate-based chemical probes for ONOO, as they react directly and rapidly with ONOO, they produce minor but ONOO‒specific products, and the reaction kinetics and mechanism have been rigorously characterized. Specific experimental approaches and protocols for the detection of ONOO in cell-free, cellular, and systems using boronate-based molecular probes are provided (as shown in Boxes 1-6).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbc.2024.100034 | DOI Listing |
Redox Biochem Chem
December 2024
Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.
Peroxynitrite (ONOO/ONOOH) is a short-lived but highly reactive species that is formed in the diffusion-controlled reaction between nitric oxide and the superoxide radical anion. It can oxidize certain biomolecules and has been considered as a key cellular oxidant formed under various pathophysiological conditions. It is crucial to selectively detect and quantify ONOO to determine its role in biological processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFree Radic Biol Med
February 2022
Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address:
Peroxynitrite (ONOO) has been implicated in numerous pathologies associated with an inflammatory component, but its selective and sensitive detection in biological settings remains a challenge. Here, the development of a new water-soluble and cationic boronate probe based on a coumarin-imidazolium scaffold (CI-Bz-BA) for the fluorescent detection of ONOO in cells is reported. The chemical reactivity of the CI-Bz-BA probe toward selected oxidants known to react with the boronate moiety was characterized, and the suitability of the probe for the direct detection of ONOO in cell-free and cellular system is reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Biochem Biotechnol
February 2017
Department of Biophysics, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
Polyphenols of plant origin with wide range of antiradical activity can prevent diseases caused by oxidative and inflammatory processes. In this study, we show using ESR method that the purified water-soluble extract from leaves of Rhus typhina L. containing hydrolysable tannins and its main component, 3,6-bis-O-di-O-galloyl-1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (CHO), displayed a strong antiradical activity against the synthetic 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in homogenous (solution) and heterogeneous systems (suspension of DPPH containing liposomes) in the range of 1-10 μg/ml.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Sci
August 2014
1. Department of Haematology, Navy General Hospital, Fucheng Road, Beijing, PR China.
It is well known that most of the ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) follows radiolysis of H2O. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has antioxidant activities by selectively reducing ·OH and peroxynitrite(ONOO-). We firstly hypothesized and demonstrated the radioprotective effect of H2 in vitro and in vivo, which was also repeated on different experimental animal models by different departments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Pharmacol
November 2013
Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Hyperuricemia, excess of uric acid in the blood, is a clinical problem that causes gout and is also considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) produces uric acid during the purine metabolism; therefore, discovering novel XO inhibitors is an important strategy to develop an effective therapy for hyperuricemia and gout. We found that 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB), a derivative of the natural substance protocatechuic aldehyde, potently inhibited XO activity with an IC₅₀ value of 3 μM.
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