Organofluorine compounds have greatly benefited the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials sectors. However, they are plagued by concerns associated with Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Additionally, the widespread use of the trifluoromethyl group is facing imminent regulatory scrutiny. Defluorinative functionalization, which converts the trifluoromethyl to the difluoromethyl motifs, represents the most efficient synthetic strategy. However, general methods for robust C(sp)-F bond transformations remain elusive due to challenges in selectivity and functional group tolerance. Here, we present a method for C(sp)-F bond defluorinative functionalization of the trifluoromethyl group via difluoromethyl anion in flow. This new approach tames the reactive difluoromethyl anion, enabling diverse functional group transformations. Our methodology offers a versatile platform for drug and agrochemical discovery, overcoming the limitations associated with fluorinated motifs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52842-0 | DOI Listing |
J Org Chem
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
The chemoselective defluorinative [3 + 3] annulation of (trifluoromethyl)alkenes with thioureas is reported. This protocol affords various attractive 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thiones in high yields, features transition-metal free, mild conditions, efficient, is operationally simple and gram-scalable, tolerates diverse useful functional groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Defluorination reactions are increasingly vital due to the extensive use of organofluorine compounds with robust carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds; particularly, the efficient defluorination of widespread and persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances under mild conditions is crucial due to their accumulation in the environment and human body. Herein, we demonstrate that surface-modified silicate of pronounced proton affinity can confine active hydrogen (•H) onto nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) by withdrawing electrons from nZVI to react with bound protons, generating confined active hydrogen (•H) for efficient defluorination under ambient conditions. The exposed silicon cation (Si) of silicate functions as a Lewis acid site to activate the C-F bond by forming Si.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
January 2025
Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
A novel silver-catalyzed cascade radical isonitrile insertion and defluorinative cyclization have been developed to synthesize CFH- and phosphinoyl-containing quinolines from -isocyanyl α-trifluoromethylstyrenes. The reaction proceeded under redox-neutral conditions and allowed the construction of a highly attractive quinoline ring system, with the simultaneous formation of the CFH group and introduction of various phosphinoyl groups in a single transformation, showing operational simplicity, a wide substrate scope, good tolerance for functional groups, and remarkable atom-/stepeconomy. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction is likely to involve the participation of P-centered radicals and key carbanion intermediates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Organofluorine compounds have greatly benefited the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials sectors. However, they are plagued by concerns associated with Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Additionally, the widespread use of the trifluoromethyl group is facing imminent regulatory scrutiny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
January 2025
Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Post Office Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India.
A remarkably simple and efficient double defluorinative [3 + 3] annulation approach involving -phenyl-α-fluoro-α-phenylsulfonylacetamide and 2-CF-alkenes to access -phenyl-3,6-difluoropyridone derivatives has been achieved. The key to the success of this single-step synthesis of difluoropyridones is the strategic utilization of 2-CF-alkenes for consecutive allylic and vinylic substitution reactions and a desulfonylation cascade. We could also show that these difluoropyridones serve as a versatile platform for C-6-selective defluorinative functionalizations.
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