Advanced Surgical Training Models for Wrist Surgery.

Globally, surgical exposure for the trainee has become challenging due to changes in shift patterns, increasing medicolegal issues and the recognition of burnout. Simulation models are a crucial adjunct for the development of arthroscopic skills and open procedures. Advanced anatomically precise 3D-printed wrist models are used in our workshops. The models have pathological lesions within, allowing a range of arthroscopic and open procedures to be performed. Pathology can be ordered on-demand. Arthroscopic and open procedures can be performed, including fracture fixation and arthroplasty. For effective teaching, we use a lab-based environment with basic arthroscopic and open equipment and implants available. We use a specific structure in which to teach trainees, including pre-course material, videos, demonstrations, practice and feedback. Advanced surgical training models for wrist surgery allow for safe, repetitive surgical training to allow the trainee to accelerate their learning curve. Level V (Therapeutic).