Advancements in science and technology have driven the growing use of robots in daily life, with Portable-Powered Lower Limb Exoskeletons (PPLLEs) emerging as a key innovation. The selection of mechanisms, control strategies, and sensors directly influences the overall performance of the exoskeletons, making it a crucial consideration for research and development. This review examines the current state of PPLLE research, focusing on the aspects of mechanisms, control strategies, and sensors. We discuss the current research status of various technologies, their technological compatibility, and respective benefits comprehensively. Key findings highlight effective designs and strategies, as well as future challenges and opportunities. Finally, we summarize the overall status of PPLLE research and attempt to shed light on the future potential directions of research and development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24248090 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Advancements in science and technology have driven the growing use of robots in daily life, with Portable-Powered Lower Limb Exoskeletons (PPLLEs) emerging as a key innovation. The selection of mechanisms, control strategies, and sensors directly influences the overall performance of the exoskeletons, making it a crucial consideration for research and development. This review examines the current state of PPLLE research, focusing on the aspects of mechanisms, control strategies, and sensors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroeng Rehabil
January 2015
Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
: Technological advancements have led to the development of numerous wearable robotic devices for the physical assistance and restoration of human locomotion. While many challenges remain with respect to the mechanical design of such devices, it is at least equally challenging and important to develop strategies to control them in concert with the intentions of the user.This work reviews the state-of-the-art techniques for controlling portable active lower limb prosthetic and orthotic (P/O) devices in the context of locomotive activities of daily living (ADL), and considers how these can be interfaced with the user's sensory-motor control system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot
June 2013
Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are widely used as assistive/rehabilitation devices to correct the gait of people with lower leg neuromuscular dysfunction and muscle weakness. We have developed a portable powered ankle-foot orthosis (PPAFO), which uses a pneumatic bi-directional rotary actuator powered by compressed CO2 to provide untethered dorsiflexor and plantarflexor assistance at the ankle joint. Since portability is a key to the success of the PPAFO as an assist device, it is critical to recognize and control for gait modes (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
June 2012
Department, of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. shorter2@ illinois.edu
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) ameliorate the impact of impairments to the lower limb neuromuscular motor system that affect gait. Emerging technologies provide a vision for fully powered, untethered AFOs. The portable powered AFO (PPAFO) provides both plantarflexor and dorsiflexor torque assistance via a bi-directional pneumatic rotary actuator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Rehabil Res Dev
October 2011
Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Innovative technological advancements in the field of orthotics, such as portable powered orthotic systems, could create new treatment modalities to improve the functional out come of rehabilitation. In this article, we present a novel portable powered ankle-foot orthosis (PPAFO) to provide untethered assistance during gait. The PPAFO provides both plantar flexor and dorsiflexor torque assistance by way of a bidirectional pneumatic rotary actuator.
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