Prolactin levels have been shown to influence metabolic outcomes, including insulin resistance. Metformin is known to be beneficial in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. PCOS women might react differently to metformin treatment depending on their baseline prolactin levels. In this retrospective study, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the LH:FSH ratio, and total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in 75 obese/overweight women with PCOS and insulin resistance before initiation of metformin treatment and after 6-8 months. At baseline, HOMA-IR was inversely correlated to SHBG (r = -0.408; < 0.001) and prolactin (r = -0.402; < 0.001). After 6-8 months of metformin treatment, the LH:FSH ratio and the HOMA-IR declined significantly ( < 0.05). A significant positive correlation could be shown between basal prolactin and the difference in the HOMA-IR (r = 0.233; = 0.044). Women with lower baseline prolactin (≤14.9 ng/mL) revealed a sharper decline in HOMA-IR (-0.8, IQR -1.0; -0.5 vs. -0.6, IQR -0.8; -0.3; = 0.049) as well as an increase in prolactin at follow-up (1.6 ng/mL, IQR -0.2;3.8 vs. -1.3, IQR -4.6;3.2; = 0.003) compared to patients with a baseline prolactin > 14.9 ng/mL. In overweight/obese, insulin-resistant PCOS women, lower baseline prolactin levels are associated with higher baseline HOMA-IR levels as well as with a better response to metformin treatment. More data are necessary to prove these observations in larger populations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247781 | DOI Listing |
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) with metformin in enhancing ovarian function, promoting ovulation, and reducing perceived stress in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS were identified using the Androgen Excess Society's criteria, and 60 participants were enrolled and divided equally into two groups. One group received a 40:1 ratio of MI plus DCI, while the other received metformin for a 12-week period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Evid Based Integr Med
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of kidney and liver damage. Current treatments have shown contradictory outcomes, and their long-term use causes unwanted side effects. could serve as a complementary medicine to current PCOS treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Background: Metformin, the frontline treatment for diabetes, has considerable potential as an immunomodulator; however, detailed bibliometric analyses on this subject are limited.
Methods: This study extracted 640 relevant articles from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection and conducted visual analyses using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.
Results: The findings showed that research on the immunomodulatory function of metformin has grown steadily since 2017, with China and the United States being the leading contributors.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets
January 2025
Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Ingredients and Gut Microbi-omics, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
Background: There is discrepancy of results among various individual and me-ta-analytical studies about the effect of metformin on cancer risk and patients' survival. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive, updated meta-analysis to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of metformin for cancer patients, as well as the inci-dence of adverse reactions, among metformin users.
Methods: A total of 18 studies (10 cohort studies and 8 randomized controlled trials) in-volving 1,300,820 participants from Europe, North America, and Asia were included in this meta-analysis.
NPJ Antimicrob Resist
April 2024
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Antimicrobial resistance can arise in the natural environment via prolonged exposure to the effluent released by manufacturing facilities. In addition to antibiotics, pharmaceutical plants also produce non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals, both the active ingredients and other components of the formulations. The effect of these on the surrounding microbial communities is less clear.
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