Exploring Beekeepers' Experiences and Perceptions of Anaphylaxis Risks: A Qualitative Study to Inform Targeted Health Education Programs.

Background: Beekeeping plays crucial natural and economic roles but also poses health risks, as bee stings can cause severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires timely intervention. Understanding symptoms and the proper use of adrenaline autoinjectors is essential to minimize risks. This study aimed to assess the need for education on anaphylaxis and to develop a health education program to enhance beekeepers' preparedness and safety.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive interpretative method was employed. Two focus groups were conducted, one with eight health care professionals specializing in allergy and clinical immunology and the other with six active beekeepers. The data were analyzed via content analysis using QDA Miner Lite v3.0.5 software.

Results: The analysis structure comprises five thematic areas: (1) the management of anaphylaxis; (2) the prevention of anaphylaxis; (3) health education approaches; (4) systemic approaches in prevention; and (5) adrenaline autoinjectors. The results highlight key challenges, including the need for better strategies to manage anaphylaxis, improve prevention, and provide practical educational programs for beekeepers. There is also a need for better collaboration between health care professionals and beekeepers, as well as improved access to and knowledge of adrenaline autoinjectors.

Conclusions: Targeted education for beekeepers on recognizing anaphylaxis symptoms and using adrenaline autoinjectors is essential for timely intervention and preventing severe outcomes. Given their exposure to bee stings, beekeepers require proper training and regular practice to improve preparedness and safety. This research underscores the need for a comprehensive educational program to reduce anaphylaxis risk and enhance safety in beekeeping.