Matrix-mediated activation of murine fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are key cells promoting cartilage damage and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are activated to assume an invasive and migratory phenotype. While mechanisms of FLS activation are unknown, evidence suggests that pre-damaged extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cartilage can trigger FLS activation. Integrin α11β1 might be involved in the activation, as it is increased in RA patients and hTNFtg mice, an RA mouse model. We treated murine chondrocytes with TNFα to produce a damaged, RA-like matrix. Comparison to healthy chondrocyte matrix revealed decreased ECM proteins, e.g. collagens and proteoglycans, increased matrix-degrading proteins and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. FLS responded to the damaged chondrocyte matrix with a matrix-remodeling and pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by a gene signature involved in matrix degradation and increased production of CLL11 and CCL19. Damaged chondrocyte matrix stimulated increased Itga11 expression in FLS, correlating with the increased α11β1 amounts in RA patients. FLS deficient in integrin α11β1 released lower amounts of inflammation-associated cytokines. Our results demonstrate differences in healthy and RA-like chondrocyte ECM and distinctly different responses of wt FLS to damaged versus healthy ECM.