Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZV), including fetal growth restriction and death. In the developing placenta, trophoblast cells respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) to migrate into the decidua to facilitate implantation and fetal development. EGF activates the Akt protein kinase, a master regulator of trophoblast cell migration. Akt signaling and stability are dependent on heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which mediates the maturation of proteins necessary for EGF/Akt signaling. Here we show that ZIKV infection inhibits EGF-mediated Akt activation and downstream signaling to suppress trophoblast migration. The ZIKV non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is sufficient to inhibit trophoblast migration through its binding interaction with HSP90, leading to suppression of Akt phosphorylation and inhibition of EGF-induced trophoblast migration. Thus, ZIKV NS5/HSP90 interactions play a key role in disruption of trophoblast function, revealing an underlying cause of improper placental development and fetal disease.
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