Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Background: Spinal ependymomas are typically slow-growing tumors with a favorable prognosis. Recently, a new aggressive subtype has emerged with its own distinct histopathological and molecular features characterized by MYCN amplification. However, this subtype of spinal ependymoma is rare, and studies on its imaging characteristics are limited. In this case series, the authors present the imaging findings of three patients with MYCN-amplified spinal ependymoma from their institution.
Observations: Unlike typical spinal ependymomas, the MYCN-amplified spinal ependymomas were intradural extramedullary in location in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Imaging revealed T1 isointensity and T2 hyperintensity with avid enhancement and peritumoral edema. The tumor masses were adherent to the spinal cord with filling of the canal and resultant cord compression. There were focal areas without a clear tissue plane between the mass and the cord, which was concerning for cord infiltration. Thus, complete resection was difficult to achieve, and all patients demonstrated residual tumor in the resection bed. Their clinical course was also characterized by early central nervous system (CNS) dissemination, including one case with intracranial involvement.
Lessons: This case series highlights three instances of MYCN-amplified spinal ependymoma, a rare and aggressive subtype with distinctive imaging features, including an intradural extramedullary location and CNS dissemination at recurrence. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24696.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/CASE24696 | DOI Listing |
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