Association Between Dietary Selenium Intake and Kidney Stones Disease Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study from the NHANES Database.

Background: Clinically, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with the formation and relapse of kidney stones diseases (KSD). In the general population, dietary selenium can reduce renal damage by reducing oxidative stress and other physiological pathways. Less is known, however, about the association between dietary selenium and KSD in patients with MetS.

Objective: The present study's purpose is to evaluate the association between dietary selenium intake and the odds of KSD in MetS populations.

Methods: Data of MetS patients aged ≥20 years were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2007-2018). The information of dietary selenium intake was obtained by 24-hour dietary recall interview. Weighted univariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of selenium intake with KSD in MetS patients and described as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis was performed to further discuss this association based on age, gender, and MetS component.

Results: In total, 6,073 patients were included, with 766 (12.61%) KSD cases. After adjusting for covariates, high dietary selenium intake was related to lower odds of KSD in MetS patients (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50-0.97), especially in females (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.96), those aged <65 years (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35-0.80), without a history of hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.93) and with a history of hypertension (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.84), diabetes (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.46-0.99) or central obesity (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.95).

Conclusion: From this cross-sectional study, we observed that, among patients with MetS, high dietary selenium intake is associated with lower odds of KSD, implying a potential nutritional strategy for preventing KSD in this population.