A considerable amount of work has been carried out on the biology of learning and memory acquisition, and retention [1-6]; however, little is known regarding how the information is written in the brain [7-9]. It is notable that in the Neuron Theory postulated by Santiago Ramón y Cajal [10], neurons were conceived to form a contiguous instead of a continuous structure. They were physically separated but could function through their connections by synapses [11]. The electric impulses are initiated by the presynaptic neurons and transmitted through a synapse to the postsynaptic neuron, and they then travel toward the axon. A considerable amount of work on the molecular and cellular mechanisms has been undertaken in this fast-evolving field [11-16].
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867332999241228174430 | DOI Listing |
Clin Oral Investig
January 2025
College of Stomatology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China.
Objectives: This study analyzed the differences in the upper airway of patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion with and without mandibular deviation, and further investigated whether there are differences in the changes in upper airway space after orthognathic surgery between the two groups.
Materials And Methods: 15 patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion and mandibular deviation, and 15 patients without mandibular deviation were selected to explore the impact of mandibular deviation on the upper airway. Additionally, 16 patients with mandibular deviation undergoing orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment, and 13 patients without mandibular deviation, were selected to investigate the differences in the changes in upper airway space after orthognathic surgery between the two groups.
ScientificWorldJournal
January 2025
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
While polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is widely used in orthodontic appliances such as clear aligners and retainers, there is limited experimental data assessing its performance under functional stresses, such as those encountered during dental movements and palatal expansion. This study aims to evaluate the ability of PETG thermoplastic material to withstand deformation under functional and expansion forces, specifically within the context of orthodontic applications. To estimate the firmness of the screw within the appliance, a universal Instron testing machine was used to record the forces released by each activation of the expander within the upper part of 10 clear modified twin blocks (MTBs) made from PETG and compare it with that released by 10 conventional twin blocks (CTBs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Sci Anim Resour
January 2025
Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Microalgae have garnered a considerable attention as a sustainable substitute as customary feed ingredients for poultry, predominantly due to their extraordinary nutritive profile and purposeful properties. These minuscule organisms are protein rich, retain an ample quantity of essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, thus are capable of improving nutritive value of poultry diets. Microalgae comparatively delivers an outstanding source of protein containing substantial amount of innumerable bioactive complexes, omega-3 fatty acids in addition to the essential amino acids (methionine and lysine), crucial for optimal growth and development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States.
ConspectusUnderstanding f element-ligand covalency is at the center of efforts to design new separations schemes for spent nuclear fuel, and is therefore of signficant fundamental and practical importance. Considerable effort has been invested into quantifying covalency in f element-ligand bonding. Over the past decade, numerous studies have employed a variety of techniques to study covalency, including XANES, EPR, and optical spectroscopies, as well as X-ray crystallography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Bioinformatics
January 2025
Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada.
Background: Comprehensively mapping the hierarchical structure of breast cancer protein communities and identifying potential biomarkers from them is a promising way for breast cancer research. Existing approaches are subjective and fail to take information from protein sequences into consideration. Deep learning can automatically learn features from protein sequences and protein-protein interactions for hierarchical clustering.
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