In Japan, comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) as a companion diagnostic (CDx) has been covered by public insurance since June 2019, but the proportion of patients with cancer who actually received drug therapy based on CGP data is low. In the present study, we attempted to use CGP as a starting point for tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring. We retrospectively validated 219 patients with malignant tumors who underwent CGP at Iwate Medical University Hospital between October 2019 and April 2023 in terms of patient demographics, genetic analysis, drug recommendations, and drug administration rate. The 219 cancer cases analyzed by CGP for 27 target organs, including prostate (n = 27, 12.3%), colorectal (n = 25, 11.4%), lung (n = 19, 8.7%), and other neoplasms (n = 148, 67.6%). Among the cohort, only 14 cases (6.4%) subsequently were able to undertake the recommended action by Molecular Tumor Board. Of patients who underwent ctDNA monitoring based on somatic mutations identified by CGP (n = 11), clinical validity was confirmed in terms of early relapse prediction (n = 5, 45.5%), treatment response evaluation (n = 10, 90.9%), and no relapse/regrowth corroboration (n = 2, 18.2%) whereas 90.9% (n = 10) of patients obtained information with at least one source of the clinical validity. Although the current rate of CGP contributing to a drug recommendation is low, CGP results can be an alternate resource for tumor-informed longitudinal ctDNA monitoring to provide information concerning early relapse prediction, treatment response evaluation, and no relapse/regrowth corroboration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.16446 | DOI Listing |
Explor Target Antitumor Ther
November 2024
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
There has been a rapid expansion of immunotherapy options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past two decades, particularly with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the emerging role of immunotherapy in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings though, relatively few patients will respond to immunotherapy which can be problematic due to expense and toxicity; thus, the development of biomarkers capable of predicting immunotherapeutic response is imperative. Due to the promise of a noninvasive, personalized approach capable of providing comprehensive, real-time monitoring of tumor heterogeneity and evolution, there has been wide interest in the concept of using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to predict treatment response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Sci
January 2025
Division of Biomedical Research and Development, Iwate Medical University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Yahaba, Japan.
Cancer Lett
January 2025
Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address:
This study, conducted as part of a multicenter phase III clinical trial, aimed to assess the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based minimal residual disease (MRD) in comparing the efficacy of short-course and long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). A total of 244 plasma samples from 79 LARC patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) before surgery were collected at various time points. Targeted deep sequencing using a novel MRD panel was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
January 2025
Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Introduction: The standard of care for stage III colon cancer is 3 or 6 months of double-drug regimen chemotherapy following radical surgery. However, patients with positive circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) exhibit a high risk of recurrence risk even if they receive standard adjuvant chemotherapy. The potential benefit of intensified adjuvant chemotherapy, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin and fluoropyrimidine (FOLFOXIRI), for ctDNA-positive patients remains to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neuropathol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Gliomas are the most common brain tumor type in children and adolescents. To date, diagnosis and therapy monitoring for these tumors rely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological as well as molecular analyses of tumor tissue. Recently, liquid biopsies (LB) have emerged as promising tool for diagnosis and longitudinal tumor assessment potentially allowing for a more precise therapeutic management.
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