Trend and characteristics of endometrial cancer in Guangzhou from 2000 to 2020.

Objectives: To explore temporal trends in the age of endometrial cancer in Guangzhou over the past 21 years.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 2000 to 2020 at a major teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. One-way analysis of variance was utilized to compare the average age of onset for each year, while the t-test was employed to compare groups A (2000-2009) and B (2010-2020) over the 21-year period. Stratified analysis was conducted based on age group and pathological type. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were utilized to compare histopathological types across different groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors.

Results: The number of endometrial cancer cases increased annually over the 21-years period. A total of 610 patients were included in the study. The age of onset ranged from 14 to 89 years, with a mean age of 52.9 ± 9.3 years. One-way variance analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the mean age between years (F = 1.518, p = 0.069). When grouped into decades, the mean ages of the 2000-2009 and 2010-2020 were 53.91 ± 10.23 years and 52.69 ± 9.79 years respectively, with no statistically significant difference observed (p = 0.23). From 2000 to 2020, patients aged ≤ 45 years accounted for 18.4 % of cases, with a significant increasing trend observed over time (F= 11.10, p< 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of patients aged ≤ 45 years (χ = 13.885, p = 0.836). Patients aged ≥ 60 years accounted for 22.8 % of cases, with no significant change observed over time (F=4.782, p=0.017) and there was no difference in the composition ratio of elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years (χ= 28.489, p= 0.098). Stratified analysis by age group and pathological type revealed no statistically significant difference in the mean age between Type 1 and Type 2 Endometrial Cancer (p = 0.18). While the proportion of Type 1 Endometrial Cancer slightly increased over time, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.52). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of different pathological types between patients aged ≤ 45 years and patients > 45 years old (p= 0.17); however, Type 2 Endometrial Cancer, associated with higher risk, was more prevalent in patients > 45 years old.

Conclusions: The mean age of endometrial cancer in this region remained relatively stable over the past 21 years, with no observable trend towards younger or older. The proportion of young patients in this region was higher than that of other countries.